![]() ![]() Non-international armed conflict is often, mistakenly, treated as a residual regime. ![]() The icc shows a tendency to classify situations as non-international armed conflicts without considering whether the situation concerned may instead (or at the same time) qualify as an international armed conflict. A comprehensive overview of the way these institutions treated the material scope of application of ihl shows that the ad hoc tribunals tended to avoid classification as either international or non-international armed conflict, and merely found that a generic ‘armed conflict’ existed at the relevant time. It aims to inform a discussion about the moral and legal challenges facing the global defense industry and to introduce solutions that are innovative, effective, and practical.This article analyses how international criminal courts and tribunals have pronounced on the contextual elements of their respective war crimes provisions. That being the case, is the defense industry ethically defensible? How should it be regulated? How should it respond to worrisome technological developments such as autonomous weapons systems? How should business be conducted in countries where bribery is the norm? To what extent can this industry's intrinsic ethical problems be overcome? This book addresses such questions, bringing together the diverse perspectives of scholars and practitioners from academia, government service, the military, and the private sector. This context creates unique ethical challenges. Although such firms exist primarily to serve their host states, they routinely interact with foreign legal systems and diverse cultures. It operates at the intersection of the public and private sectors, with increased reliance on technology companies. The defense industry develops, produces, and sells weapons that cause great harm. ![]()
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